Reading 3.1 Properties of Substances and Properties of Objects

How do we know that two substances are different?  The emphasis is on the substance and not on the given sample, we have to look for properties that are independent of the size or shape of the sample.

Experiment 3.2 Freezing and Melting Point

The freezing point of a substance is identified as the temperature at which a plateau occurs on the cooling curve when a substance changes from a liquid to solid.  To show that the freezing point does not depend on the amount of substance present and is, therefore, a characteristic property, each group will determine the freezing point of a different amount of material.

Reading 3.3 Graphing

Outline the rules for graphing data on the X and Y axis.

Experiment 3.4 Boiling Point

In this experiment the boiling points of two liquids are investigated.

Experiment 3.5 Mass and Volume

Students will acquire laboratory data in this experiment to learn four important ideas that relate to mass, volume, and substance.  First, objects that are made of the same substance and have the same volume will have the same mass.  The mass of an object will double if its volume doubles.  Objects of the same substance that have the volume will have the same mass independent of their shapes.  And finally, objects that have the same volume but are made of different substances will not have the same mass.

 Reading 3.6 Density

 Outline the reading.

 Reading 3.7 Dividing and Multiplying Measured Numbers 

 Calculating quotients and products to too many insignificant digits is widespread. 

Outline the reading.

Experiment 3.9 The Density of Liquids

 Two samples of a liquid are given out.  Both solutions are transparent and odorless, and cannot be distinguished by inspection.  Students will try to determine if there is a difference in the two liquids.  

Reading 3.10 The Hydrometer

 Outline the reading.

 Experiment 3.11 The Density of Gas

 One purpose of this lab is to see how the density of a gas compares to that of liquids and solids.

Reading 3.12 The Range of Densities

Outline the reading.

Reading 3.13 Identifying Substances